PELI Logo
title

References - Mediterranean Diet Patient Handout

1. Healthdirect. Testosterone [Internet]. Haymarket: Healthdirect; 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/testosterone

2. Nassar GN, Leslie SW. Physiology, testosterone [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526128/

3. Martins Da Silva S, Anderson RA. Reproductive axis ageing and fertility in men. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022 Dec;23(6):1109-1121. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09759-0

4. Healthline. Signs and symptoms of low testosterone [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/low-testosterone/warning-signs

5. Healthline. Treating low testosterone levels [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2023 [cited 2025 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/low-testosterone

6. Jung DH, Lee YJ, Kim CB, Kim JY, Shin SH, Park JK. Effects of ginseng on peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and hormones in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical and pilot study. Complement Ther Med. 2016 Feb;24:40-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.001

7. Lee S, Jung HC, Sargent M, Kang M. Acute Effects of wild ginseng extract on exercise performance, cognitive function, and fatigue recovery: a randomized cross-over, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study. Int J Transl Med. 2025 Jan;5(1):5. DOI: 10.3390/ijtm5010005

8. Cristina-Souza G, Santos-Mariano AC, Lima-Silva AE, Costa PL, Domingos PR, Silva SF, et al. Panax ginseng supplementation increases muscle recruitment, attenuates perceived effort, and accelerates muscle force recovery after an eccentric-based exercise in athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Apr;36(4):991-997. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003555

9. Jang DJ, Lee MS, Shin BC, Lee YC, Ernst E. Red ginseng for treating erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;66(4):444-450. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03236.x

10. Park HJ, Choe S, Park NC. Effects of Korean red ginseng on semen parameters in male infertility patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study. Chin J Integr Med. 2016 Jul;22(7):490-495. DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2139-9

11. Isenmann E, Alisauskas P, Flenker U, Schalla J, Diel P. The anabolic effect of fenugreek: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med. 2023 Sep;44(10):692-703. DOI: 10.1055/a-2048-5925

12. Mansoori A, Hosseini S, Zilaee M, Hormoznejad R, Fathi M. Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in male: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020 Jul;34(7):1550-1555. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6627

13. Maheshwari A, Verma N, Swaroop A, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Tiwari K, et al. Efficacy of FurosapTM, a novel Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract, in enhancing testosterone level and improving sperm profile in male volunteers. Int J Med Sci. 2017;14(1):58-66. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17256

14. Rao A, Steels E, Inder WJ, Abraham S, Vitetta L. Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract reduces age-related symptoms of androgen decrease, increases testosterone levels and improves sexual function in healthy aging males in a double-blind randomised clinical study. Aging Male. 2016 Jun;19(2):134-142. DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2015.1135323

15. Mokashi M, Singh-Mokashi R, Mohan V, Thakurdesai P. Effects of glycosides based fenugreek seed extract on serum testosterone levels of healthy sedentary male subjects: a exploratory double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014;7(Suppl 2):177-181.

16. Poole C, Bushey B, Pena E, Constancio E, Jones T, Dufour F, et al. Effects of TESTOSURGE supplementation on strength, body composition and hormonal profiles during an 8-week resistance training program. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Jul;6(Suppl 1):P12. DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-6-S1-P12

17. Hausenblas HA, Conway KL, Coyle KRM, Barton E, Smith LD, Esposito M, et al. Efficacy of fenugreek seed extract on men's psychological and physical health: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2020 May;18(2):445-448. DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0101

18. Kuo J, Chen KWC, Cheng IS, Tsai PH, Lu YJ, Lee NY. The effect of eight weeks of supplementation with Eleutherococcus senticosus on endurance capacity and metabolism in human. Chin J Physiol. 2010 Apr;53(2):105-111. DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2010.amk018

19. Fallah A, Mohammad-Hasani A, Colagar AH. Zinc is an essential element for male fertility: a review of Zn roles in men's health, germination, sperm quality, and fertilization. J Reprod Infertil. 2018;19(2):69-81.

20. Prasad AS, Mantzoros CS, Beck FW, Hess JW, Brewer GJ. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996 May;12(5):344-348. DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(96)80058-x

21. D'Andrea S, Martorella A, Coccia F, Castellini C, Minaldi E, Totaro M, et al. Relationship of Vitamin D status with testosterone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2021 Apr;72(1):49-61. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02482-3

22. Chen C, Zhai H, Cheng J, Weng P, Chen Y, Li Q, et al. Causal link between vitamin d and total testosterone in men: a mendelian randomization analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Aug;104(8):3148-3156. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01874

23. Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, Kuhn J, Dreier J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res. 2011 Mar;43(3):223-225. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269854

24. Canguven O, Al Malki AH. Vitamin D and male erectile function: an updated review. World J Mens Health. 2021 Jan;39(1):31-37. DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190151

25. Qazi IH, Angel C, Yang H, Zoidis E, Pan B, Wu Z, et al. Role of selenium and selenoproteins in male reproductive function: a review of past and present evidences. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Aug;8(8):268. DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080268

26. Ahsan U, Kamran Z, Raza I, Ahmad S, Babar W, Riaz MH, et al. Role of selenium in male reproduction - a review. Anim Reprod Sci. 2014 Apr;146(1-2):55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.01.009

27. Corsetti V, Notari T, Montano L. Effects of the low-carb organic Mediterranean diet on testosterone levels and sperm DNA fragmentation. Curr Res Food Sci. 2023;7:100636. DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100636

28. Healthline. Testosterone booster supplements: efficacy and best options [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/best-testosterone-booster-supplements

29. Riachy R, McKinney K, Tuvdendorj DR. Various factors may modulate the effect of exercise on testosterone levels in men. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Nov;5(4):81. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5040081

30. Schwanbeck SR, Cornish SM, Barss T, Chilibeck PD. Effects of training with free weights versus machines on muscle mass, strength, free testosterone, and free cortisol levels. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Jul;34(7):1851-1859. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003349

31. Ambroży T, Rydzik Ł, Obmiński Z, Błach W, Serafin N, Błach B, et al. The effect of high-intensity interval training periods on morning serum testosterone and cortisol levels and physical fitness in men aged 35-40 years. J Clin Med. 2021 May;10(10):2143. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102143

32. Velasco-Orjuela GP, Domínguez-Sanchéz MA, Hernández E, Correa-Bautista JE, Triana-Reina HR, García-Hermoso A, et al. Acute effects of high-intensity interval, resistance or combined exercise protocols on testosterone - cortisol responses in inactive overweight individuals. Physiol Behav. 2018 Oct;194:401-409. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.034

33. Hayes LD, Herbert P, Sculthorpe NF, Grace FM. Exercise training improves free testosterone in lifelong sedentary aging men. Endocr Connect. 2017 Jul;6(5):306-310. DOI: 10.1530/EC-17-0082

34. D'Andrea S, Spaggiari G, Barbonetti A, Santi D. Endogenous transient doping: physical exercise acutely increases testosterone levels-results from a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020 Oct;43(10):1349-1371. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01251-3

35. Okobi OE, Khoury P, De La Vega RJ, Figueroa RS, Desai D, Mangiliman BDA, et al. Impact of weight loss on testosterone levels: a review of BMI and testosterone. Cureus. 2024 Dec;16(12):e76139. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76139

36. Zueger R, Annen H, Ehlert U. Testosterone and cortisol responses to acute and prolonged stress during officer training school. Stress. 2023 Jan;26(1):2199886. DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2199886

37. Healthline. 8 proven ways to increase testosterone levels naturally [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/8-ways-to-boost-testosterone

38. Healthline. 16 simple ways to relieve stress [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/16-ways-relieve-stress-anxiety

39. Patel P, Shiff B, Kohn TP, Ramasamy R. Impaired sleep is associated with low testosterone in US adult males: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. World J Urol. 2019 Jul;37(7):1449-1453. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2485-2

40. Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Effect of 1 week of sleep restriction on testosterone levels in young healthy men. JAMA. 2011 Jun;305(21):2173-2174. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.710

41. Sleep Health Foundation. Sleep hygiene: good sleep habits [Internet]. North Strathfield: Sleep Health Foundation; [cited 2025 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-topics/sleep-hygiene-good-sleep-habits

logo

Your one stop destination for education and clinical tools, driven by our purpose to inspire people to live better lives through natural healthcare.

Customer Care or Clinical Support

1300 654 336

or visit www.myintegria.com

© 2025, Integria is a registered trademark of Integria Healthcare (Australia) Pty Ltd

Terms of Use | Privacy | Policies