References - Harmonising Hormones: A Natural Approach to Fertility and Hormones
1. Briden L. Period repair manual: every woman’s guide to better periods. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia; 2018.
2. Healthdirect. Oestrogen [Internet]. Haymarket: Healthdirect; 2022 [cited 2024 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/oestrogen
3. Office on Women’s Health. Your menstrual cycle [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021 [cited 2024 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/your-menstrual-cycle
4. Hormones Australia. Ovaries [Internet]. Sydney: Endocrine Society of Australia; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.hormones-australia.org.au/the-endocrine-system/ovaries/
5. Clearblue. How long is a menstrual cycle? [Internet]. Geneva: Swiss Precision Diagnostics GmbH; 2021 [cited 2024 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.clearblue.com/how-to-get-pregnant/how-long-is-a-menstrual-cycle
6. Office on Women’s Health. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021 [cited 2024 Feb 1]. Available from: https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome
7. Office on Women’s Health. Uterine fibroids [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021 [cited 2024 Jan 31]. Available from: https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/uterine-fibroids
8. Office on Women’s Health. Infertility [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021 [cited 2024 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility
9. MSD Manual. Ovulatory dysfunction [Internet]. Rahway: Merck & Co; 2024 [cited 2024 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/infertility-and-recurrent-pregnancy-loss/ovulatory-dysfunction
10. Healthline. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) information for women [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/sexually-transmitted-diseases/women
11. Tsevat DG, Wiesenfeld HC, Parks C, Peipert JF. Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;216(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.08.008
12. Günther V, Allahqoli L, Watrowski R, Maass N, Ackermann J, Von Otte S, et al. Vaginal microbiome in reproductive medicine. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Aug;12(8):1948. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081948
13. Office on Women’s Health. Bacterial vaginosis [Internet]. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2022 [cited 2024 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/bacterial-vaginosis
14. Kairys N, Garg M. Bacterial vaginosis [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459216/
15. Garcia MR, Leslie SW, Wray AA. Sexually transmitted infections [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 2]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560808/
16. Hodges RE, Minich DM. Modulation of metabolic detoxification pathways using foods and food-derived components: a scientific review with clinical application. J Nutr Metab. 2015;2015:760689. DOI: 10.1155/2015/760689
17. Malherbe K, Khan M, Fatima S. Fibrocystic breast disease [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551609/
18. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, et al. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev. 2009 Jun;30(4):293-342. DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0002
19. Cronin P, Joyce SA, O'Toole PW, O'Connor EM. Dietary fibre modulates the gut microbiota. Nutrients. 2021 May;13(5):1655. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051655
20. Gaskins AJ, Mumford SL, Zhang C, Wactawski-Wende J, Hovey KM, Whitcomb BW, et al. Effect of daily fiber intake on reproductive function: the BioCycle Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;90(4):1061-1069. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27990
21. National Health and Medical Research Council. Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand including recommended dietary intakes [Internet]. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2006 [cited 2022 Aug 13]. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/images/nutrient-refererence-dietary-intakes.pdf
22. Higdon JV, Delage B, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis. Pharmacol Res. 2007 Mar;55(3):224-236. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.009
23. Nho CW, Jeffery E. The synergistic upregulation of phase II detoxification enzymes by glucosinolate breakdown products in cruciferous vegetables. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;174(2):146-152. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9207
24. Adlercreutz H, Mousavi Y, Clark J, Höckerstedt K, Hämäläinen E, Wähälä K, et al. Dietary phytoestrogens and cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1992 Mar;41(3-8):331-337. DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90359-q
25. Adlercreutz H, Bannwart C, Wähälä K, Mäkelä T, Brunow G, Hase T, et al. Inhibition of human aromatase by mammalian lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Feb;44(2):147-153. DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90022-o
26. Zhao H, Yang H, Li Z, Ge Z, Zhou M, Li L, et al. Urine levels of estrogen and its metabolites in premenopausal middle-aged women with different degrees of obesity and their correlation with glucose and lipid metabolism. Heliyon. 2023 Nov;9(11):e22362. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22362
27. Ménézo Y, Patrizio P, Alvarez S, Amar E, Brack M, Brami C, et al. MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: EC 1.5.1.20) SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and homocysteine in patients referred for investigation of fertility. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021 Sep;38(9):2383-2389. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02200-6
28. Lumley J, Watson L, Watson M, Bower C. Periconceptional supplementation with folate and/or multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001:(3):CD001056. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001056
29. Ledowsky CJ, Schloss J, Steel A. Variations in folate prescriptions for patients with the MTHFR genetic polymorphisms: a case series study. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2023 Jun;10:100277. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100277
30. Durrani D, Idrees R, Idrees H, Ellahi A. Vitamin B6: a new approach to lowering anxiety, and depression. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Oct;82:104663. DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104663
31. Fathizadeh N, Ebrahimi E, Valiani M, Tavakoli N, Yar MH. Evaluating the effect of magnesium and magnesium plus vitamin B6 supplement on the severity of premenstrual syndrome. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2010 Dec;15(Suppl 1):401-445.
32. Wilson SMC, Bivins BN, Russell KA, Bailey LB. Oral contraceptive use: impact on folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 status. Nutr Rev. 2011 Oct;69(10):572-583. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00419.x
33. Fallah S, Sani FV, Firoozrai M. Effect of contraceptive pill on the selenium and zinc status of healthy subjects. Contraception. 2009 Jul;80(1):40-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.01.010
34. Ahmadi M, Khansary S, Parsapour H, Alizamir A, Pirdehghan A. The effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of premenstrual symptoms in female university students: a randomized clinical trial study. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Feb;201(2):559-566. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03175-w
35. Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A. The role of zinc in selected female reproductive system disorders. Nutrients. 2020 Aug;12(8):2464. DOI: 10.3390/nu12082464
36. Obiagwu HI, Eleje GU, Obiechina NJA, Nwosu BO, Udigwe GO, Ikechebelu JI, et al. Efficacy of zinc supplementation for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. J Int Med Res. 2023 May;51(5):3000605231171489. DOI: 10.1177/03000605231171489
37. Eby GA. Zinc treatment prevents dysmenorrhea. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69(2):297-301. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.009
38. Snipe RMJ, Brelis B, Kappas C, Young JK, Eishold L, Chui JM, et al. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential treatment for reducing dysmenorrhoea pain: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Nutr Diet. 2023. DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12835
39. Stanhiser J, Jukic AMZ, McConnaughey DR, Steiner AZ. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and fecundability. Hum Reprod. 2022 May;37(5):1037-1046. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac027
40. Yang K, Zeng L, Bao T, Ge J. Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Mar;16(1):27. DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0346-x
41. Zhao J, Dong L, Lin Z, Sui X, Wang Y, Li L, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023 Feb;23(1):33. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01286-6
42. Mahsa Poormoosavi S, Behmanesh MA, Varzi HN, Mansouri S, Janati S. The effect of follicular fluid selenium concentration on oocyte maturation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization/Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2021 Aug;19(8):689-698. DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i8.9616
43. Noah L, Dye L, Bois De Fer B, Mazur A, Pickering G, Pouteau E. Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Stress Health. 2021 Dec;37(5):1000-1009. DOI: 10.1002/smi.3051
44. Pickering G, Mazur A, Trousselard M, Bienkowski P, Yaltsewa N, Amessou M, et al. Magnesium status and stress: the vicious circle concept revisited. Nutrients. 2020 Nov;12(12):3672. DOI: 10.3390/nu12123672
45. Pouteau E, Kabir-Ahmadi M, Noah L, Mazur A, Dye L, Hellhammer J, et al. Superiority of magnesium and vitamin B6 over magnesium alone on severe stress in healthy adults with low magnesemia: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0208454. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208454
46. Benassi L, Barletta FP, Baroncini L, Bertani D, Filippini F, Beski L, et al. Effectiveness of magnesium pidolate in the prophylactic treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1992;19(3):176-179.
47. Fontana-Klaiber H, Hogg B. [Therapeutic effects of magnesium in dysmenorrhea]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1990 Apr;79(16):491-494.
48. Shahmoradi S, Chiti H, Tavakolizadeh M, Hatami R, Motamed N, Ghaemi M. The effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Mar;202(3):941-946. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03744-7
49. Hechtman L. Clinical naturopathic medicine. Chatswood: Elsevier; 2012.
50. Negi R, Sharma SK, Gaur R, Bahadur A, Jelly P. Efficacy of ginger in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2021 Mar;13(3):e13743. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13743
51. Williams NI, Leidy HJ, Hill BR, Lieberman JL, Legro RS, De Souza MJ. Magnitude of daily energy deficit predicts frequency but not severity of menstrual disturbances associated with exercise and caloric restriction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan;308(1):E29-E39. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2013
52. Moghetti P. Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(36):5526-5534. DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160720155855
53. Harrison CL, Lombard CB, Moran LJ, Teede HJ. Exercise therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(2):171-183. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq045
54. Hamer M, Endrighi R, Poole L. Physical activity, stress reduction, and mood: insight into immunological mechanisms. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;934:89-102. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-071-7_5
55. Department of Health and Aged Care. Physical activity and exercise guidelines for all Australians: for adults (18 to 64 years) [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Government; 2021 [cited 2024 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/topics/physical-activity-and-exercise/physical-activity-and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians/for-adults-18-to-64-years
56. Vigil P, Meléndez J, Soto H, Petkovic G, Bernal YA, Molina S. Chronic stress and ovulatory dysfunction: implications in times of COVID-19. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022;3:866104. DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.866104
57. Nagma S, Kapoor G, Bharti R, Batra A, Batra A, Aggarwal A, et al. To evaluate the effect of perceived stress on menstrual function. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Mar;9(3):QC01-QC03. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/6906.5611
58. Ranabir S, Reetu K. Stress and hormones. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan;15(1):18-22. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.77573
59. Yap Y, Slavish DC, Taylor DJ, Bei B, Wiley JF. Bi-directional relations between stress and self-reported and actigraphy-assessed sleep: a daily intensive longitudinal study. Sleep. 2020 Mar;43(3):zsz250. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz250
60. Sleep Health Foundation. How much sleep do you really need? [Internet]. East Melbourne: Sleep Health Foundation; 2024 [cited 2024 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-topics/how-much-sleep-do-you-really-need
https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/sleep-topics/how-much-sleep-do-you-really-need
61. Jeon B, Baek J. Menstrual disturbances and its association with sleep disturbances: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health. 2023 Sep;23(1):470. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02629-0
62. Sleep Foundation. Mastering sleep hygiene: your path to quality sleep [Internet]. Seattle: Sleep Foundation; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene
63. Fan D, Liu L, Xia Q, Wang W, Wu S, Tian G, et al. Female alcohol consumption and fecundability: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017 Oct;7(1):13815. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14261-8
64. Alcohol Think Again. Alcohol and nutrition [Internet] Perth: Mental Health Commission; 2023 [cited 2024 Feb 2]. Available from: https://alcoholthinkagain.com.au/alcohol-and-your-health/long-term-health-effects/alcohol-and-nutrition
65. Windham GC, Elkin EP, Swan SH, Waller KO, Fenster L. Cigarette smoking and effects on menstrual function. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jan;93(1):59-65. DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00317-2
66. Augood C, Duckitt K, Templeton AA. Smoking and female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 1998 Jun;13(6):1532-1539. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/13.6.1532