PELI Logo
title

References - Concomitant Prescribing Guide - Cardiovascular Health

  1. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
  2. WHO CVD Risk Chart Working Group. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Oct;7(10):e1332-e1345.
  3. Roever L, Tse G, Biondi-Zoccai G. Trends in cardiovascular disease in Australia and in the world. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018 Aug;25(12):1278-1279.
  4. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Cardiovascular disease. 2020. Cat. no. CVD 83. Canberra: AIHW. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/heart-stroke-vascular-diseases/cardiovascular-health-compendium/contents/deaths-from-cardiovascular-disease
  5. World Health Organization. Hypertension. 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
  6. Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Bian JS. Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Link Between Inflammation and Hydrogen Sulfide. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jan 21;10:1568.
  7. Grandl G, Wolfrum C. Hemostasis, endothelial stress, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome. Semin Immunopathol. 2018 Feb;40(2):215-224.
  8. Daiber A, Chlopicki S. Revisiting pharmacology of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Evidence for redox-based therapies. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Sep;157:15-37.
  9. Steven S, Frenis K, Oelze M, Kalinovic S, Kuntic M, Bayo Jimenez MT, Vujacic-Mirski K, Helmstädter J, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T, Daiber A. Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Jun 23;2019:7092151.
  10. Petrie JR, Guzik TJ, Touyz RM. Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2018 May;34(5):575-584.
  11. Ciffone NA, Copple T. Managing dyslipidemia for CVD prevention: A review of recent clinical practice guidelines. Nurse Pract. 2019 Jan;44(1):8-16.
  12. Musunuru K. Atherogenic dyslipidemia: cardiovascular risk and dietary intervention. Lipids. 2010 Oct;45(10):907-14.
  13. Sarris J, Wardle J. Clinical Naturopathy. An evidence-based guide to practice. 2nd ed. Elsevier. Sydney. 2019.
  14. Cercato C, Fonseca FA. Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019; 11:74.
  15. Cohen BE, Edmondson D, Kronish IM. State of the Art Review: Depression, Stress, Anxiety, and Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Hypertens. 2015 Nov;28(11):1295-302.
  16. Peoples JN, Saraf A, Ghazal N, Pham TT, Kwong JQ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart disease. Exp Mol Med. 2019 Dec 19;51(12):1-13.
  17. Braun L. Cohen M. Herbs & Natural Supplements - An evidence-based guide. 4th ed. Volume 2. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone; 2015.
  18. Ganeshpurkar A, Saluja AK. The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin. Saudi Pharm J. 2017 Feb;25(2):149-164.
  19. Rees A, Dodd GF, Spencer JPE. The Effects of Flavonoids on Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Human Intervention Trials and Implications for Cerebrovascular Function. Nutrients. 2018 Dec 1;10(12). pii: E1852.
  20. Health Canada. Citrus Bioflavonoids. Monograph. 2019. Available at: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=citrus.bioflav.agrumes&lang=eng
  21. Health Canada. Quercetin Monograph. 2018. Available at: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/monoReq.do?id=257&lang=eng
  22. Natural Medicines. Quercetin. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  23. Aggarwal M, Aggarwal B, Rao J. Integrative Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease and Prevention. Med Clin North Am. 2017 Sep;101(5):895-923.
  24. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand 2006.
  25. Natural Medicines. Folic Acid. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  26. Natural Medicines. Niacin. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  27. Nutrient Metabolism. London: Academic Press; 2003.
  28. Braun L. Cohen M. Herbs & Natural Supplements - An evidence-based guide. 3rd ed. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
  29. Health Canada. Multi Vitamin / Mineral Monograph. 2018. Available at: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=multi_vitmin_suppl&lang=eng
  30. Nanri A, Moore MA, Kono S. Impact of C-reactive protein on disease risk and its relation to dietary factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007 Apr-Jun;8(2):167-77.
  31. Block G, Jensen C, Dietrich M, Norkus EP, Hudes M, Packer L. Plasma C-reactive protein concentrations in active and passive smokers: influence of antioxidant supplementation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Apr;23(2):141-7.
  32. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008;117;503-11.
  33. Rai V, Agrawal DK. Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Diseases. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2017 Dec;46(4):1039-1059.
  34. Ford JA, MacLennan GS, Avenell A, Bolland M, Grey A, Witham M; RECORD Trial Group. Cardiovascular disease and vitamin D supplementation: trial analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;100(3):746-55.
  35. Natural Medicines. Vitamin D. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  36. Wahlquist L. Food & Nutrition. 2nd ed. Singapore: Allen & Unwin; 2002.
  37. Natural Medicines. Magnesium. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  38. Sontia B, Touyz M. Role of Magnesium in Hypertension. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Feb 1;458(1):33-9.
  39. Volpe SL. Magnesium in disease prevention and overall health. Adv Nutr. 2013 May 1;4(3):378S-83S.
  40. Gropper SS & Smith JL. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 6th ed. Australia: Wadsworth CENGAGE Learning; 2013.
  41. Natural Medicines. Potassium. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  42. Natural Medicines. Selenium. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  43. Natural Medicines. Carnitine. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  44. DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Fares H, Menezes AR, O'Keefe JH. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Jun;88(6):544-51.
  45. Natural Medicines. Fish Oil. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  46. Health Canada. Fish Oil. Monograph. 2018. Available at: http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=fish.oil.huile.poisson&lang=eng
  47. Soliman GA. Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients. 2019 May 23;11(5):1155.
  48. Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC, Evans CE, Cleghorn CL, Nykjaer C, Woodhead C, Cade JE, Gale CP, Burley VJ. Dietary fibre intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013 Dec 19;347:f6879.
  49. Gao L, Mao Q, Cao J, Wang Y, Zhou X, Fan L. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on vascular endothelial function in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis. 2012 Apr;221(2):311-6.
  50. Saini R. Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011 Jul;3(3):466-7.
  51. Natural Medicines. Coenzyme Q10. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  52. Thorne Research. Coenzyme Q10 Monograph. Alternative Medicine Review. 2007;12(2):159-168.
  53. Monash Heart. Medication Listing. 2015. Available from: https://www.monashheart.org.au/index.php/for-patients/medication-listing/
  54. Upfal J. Australian Drug Guide. 8th ed. Carlton: Griffith Press; 2016.
  55. South Australia Health. Vitamin C deficiency for health professionals. 2020. Available from: https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/for+gps/gp+news/vitamin+c+deficiency+for+health+professionals
  56. DiBaise M, Tarleton SM. Hair, Nails, and Skin: Differentiating Cutaneous Manifestations of Micronutrient Deficiency. Nutr Clin Pract. 2019 Aug;34(4):490-503.
  57. Baran R et al. A Text Atlas of Nail Disorders. Techniques in Investigation and Diagnosis. 3rd ed. London: Martin & Dunits; 2003.
  58. Natural Medicines. Calcium. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  59. Natural Medicines. Garlic. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  60. Young HY, Liao JC, Chang YS, Luo YL, Lu MC, Peng WH. Synergistic effect of ginger and nifedipine on human platelet aggregation: a study in hypertensive patients and normal volunteers. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34(4):545-51.
  61. Diamond BJ, Bailey MR. Ginkgo biloba: indications, mechanisms, and safety. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;36(1):73-83.
  62. Sigurjónsdóttir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, Ragnarsson J, Sigurdsson G, Wallerstedt S. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens. 2001 Aug;15(8):549-52.
  63. Natural Medicines. Licorice. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  64. Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, Rosanoff A, Wang J, Zhang W, Song Y. Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials. Hypertension. 2016 Aug;68(2):324-33.
  65. Natural Medicines. St. John’s Wort. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  66. Herb Drug Nutrient. Vitamin B6. Available from: https://herbdrugnutrient.com/
  67. Joshi D, Center JR, Eisman JA. Vitamin D deficiency in adults. Australian Prescriber. 2010;33(4):103-106
  68. MSD Manual. Professional Version. Vitamin K Deficiency. 2020. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/nutritional-disorders/vitamin-deficiency-dependency-and-toxicity/vitamin-k-deficiency
  69. Garrido-Maraver, J., et al., Coenzyme q10 therapy. Mol Syndromol, 2014. 5(3-4): p. 187-97.
  70. Natural Medicines. Green Tea. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  71. Andrén L, Andreasson A, Eggertsen R. Interaction between a commercially available St. John's wort product (Movina) and atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;63(10):913-6.
  72. Herb Drug Nutrient. Vitamin B3. Available from: https://herbdrugnutrient.com/
  73. Natural Medicines. Alpha Lipoic Acid. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  74. Natural Medicines. Andrographis. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  75. Engström K, Wallin R, Saldeen T. Effect of low-dose aspirin in combination with stable fish oil on whole blood production of eicosanoids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2001 Jun;64(6):291-7.
  76. Jeansen S, Witkamp RF, Garthoff JA, van Helvoort A, Calder PC. Fish oil LC-PUFAs do not affect blood coagulation parameters and bleeding manifestations: Analysis of 8 clinical studies with selected patient groups on omega-3-enriched medical nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(3):948-957.
  77. Shi, S. and U. Klotz (2012). "Drug interactions with herbal medicines." Clinical Pharmacokinetics 51(2): 77-104.
  78. Natural Medicines. Ginger. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  79. Marx W, McKavanagh D, McCarthy AL, Bird R, Ried K, Chan A, Isenring L. The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on platelet aggregation: A systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0141119.
  80. Natural Medicines. Ginkgo biloba. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  81. Milić N, Milosević N, Golocorbin Kon S, Bozić T, Abenavoli L, Borrelli F. Warfarin interactions with medicinal herbs. Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Aug;9(8):1211-6.
  82. Knudsen JF, Sokol GH. Potential glucosamine-warfarin interaction resulting in increased international normalized ratio: case report and review of the literature and MedWatch database. Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Apr;28(4):540-8.
  83. Natural Medicines. Grape. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  84. Milić N, Milosević N, Golocorbin Kon S, Bozić T, Abenavoli L, Borrelli F. Warfarin interactions with medicinal herbs. Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Aug;9(8):1211-6.
  85. Ge B, Zhang Z, Zuo Z. Updates on the clinical evidenced herb-warfarin interactions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:957362.
  86. European Medicine Agency. Community Herbal Monograph on Hypericum perforatum L., Herba (Well-Established Medicinal Use). London; 2009.
  87. Natural Medicines. Turmeric. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  88. Tsai HH, Lin HW, Lu YH, Chen YL, Mahady GB. A review of potential harmful interactions between anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents and Chinese herbal medicines. PLoS One. 2013 May 9;8(5):e64255.
  89. Natural Medicines. Vitamin A. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  90. Natural Medicines. Vitamin C. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  91. Natural Medicines. Vitamin E. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  92. Natural Medicines. Vitamin K. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
  93. Valenzano MC et al. Remodeling of Tight Junctions and Enhancement of Barrier Integrity of the CACO-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Layer by Micronutrients. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 30;10(7):e0133926.
  94. Watari I et al. Effectiveness of polaprezinc for low-dose aspirin-induced small-bowel mucosal injuries as evaluated by capsule endoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013 Jul 4;13:108.
  95. Shimada T. Polaprezinc down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activiation and interleukin-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):345-52.
  96. Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Genomic Stability Enhancement Effects of Zinc l-carnosine: A Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent? Nutr Cancer. 2017 Feb-Mar;69(2):201-210.
  97. Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.
  98. McRae S. Elevated serum digoxin levels in a patient taking digoxin and Siberian ginseng. CMAJ 1996;155:293-5.
  99. Soleymani S, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M. Clinical risks of St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) co-administration. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2017;13(10):1047-62.
  100. Natural Medicines. Vitamin B6. Professional Monograph. Therapeutic Research Centre. 2020. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/
logo

Your one stop destination for education and clinical tools, driven by our purpose to inspire people to live better lives through natural healthcare.

Customer Care or Clinical Support

1300 654 336

or visit www.myintegria.com

© 2025, Integria is a registered trademark of Integria Healthcare (Australia) Pty Ltd

Terms of Use | Privacy | Policies