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References - Benefits of Vitamin C, E, Flavonoids, Beta-carotene and Zinc

  1. Braun, L. and M. Cohen, Herbs & Natural Supplements: An Evidence-Based Guide. 4th ed. 2015, Sydney: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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  11. Meletis, C.D. and W.A. Centrone, Adrenal Fatigue: Enhancing Quality of Life for Patients with a Functional Disorder. Alternative and Complementary Therapies., 2002. 8(5): p. 267-272. [Abstract]
  12. Brody, S., et al., A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress. Psychopharmacology, 2002. 159: p. 319-24. [Abstract]
  13. Johnston, C.S., C. Corte, and P.D. Swan, Marginal vitamin C status is associated with reduced fat oxidation during submaximal exercise in young adults. Nutrition & Metabolism, 2006. 3: p. 35. [Article]
  14. Wintergerst, E.S., S. Maggini, and D.H. Hornig, Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Ann Nutr Metab, 2006. 50(2): p. 85-94. [Abstract]
  15. Carr, A.C. and S. Maggini, Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 2017. 9(11): p. 1211. [Article]
  16. Carr, A., Vitamin C in Pneumonia and Sepsis. 2020. p. 115-135. [Article]
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  18. Hemilä, H. and P. Louhiala, Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia (2013). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013: p. CD005532. [Abstract]
  19. Holford, P., et al., Vitamin C—An Adjunctive Therapy for Respiratory Infection, Sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients, 2020. 12(12): 3760. [Abstract]
  20. Mei, H. and H. Tu, Vitamin C and Helicobacter pylori Infection: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Front Physiol, 2018. 9: p. 1103. [Article]
  21. Sezikli, M., et al., Effects of Alpha Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Helicobacter pylori Colonization and the Severity of Gastric Inflammation. Helicobacter, 2012. 17(2): p. 127-132. [Abstract]
  22. Sasazuki, S., et al., The effect of 5-year vitamin C supplementation on serum pepsinogen level and Helicobacter pylori infection. Cancer Science, 2003. 94(4): p. 378-382. [Abstract]
  23. Chuang, C.H., et al., Adjuvant effect of vitamin C on omeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Hepatogastroenterology, 2007. 54(73): p. 320-4. [Abstract]
  24. Zojaji, H., et al., The efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen with and without vitamin C supplementation. Dig Liver Dis, 2009. 41(9): p. 644-7. [Abstract]
  25. Sezikli, M., et al., Oxidative stress in Helicobacter pylori infection: does supplementation with vitamins C and E increase the eradication rate? Helicobacter, 2009. 14(4): p. 280-5. [Abstract]
  26. Sezikli, M., et al., Supplementing vitamins C and E to standard triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Pharm Ther, 2012. 37(3): p. 282-5. [Abstract]
  27. Sezikli, M., et al., Efficacy of vitamins supplementation to therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with low antioxidant capacity. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2011. 35(11): p. 745-9. [Abstract]
  28. Lee, K.W., et al., Vitamin C and cancer chemoprevention: reappraisal. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 2003. 78(6): p. 1074-1078. [Article]
  29. Wang, J., F. Wu, and C. Corpe, Editorial: Vitamin C in Cancer and Infectious Diseases: Physiological, Biochemical and Therapeutic Interventions. Frontiers in Physiology, 2019. 10: p. 734. [Article]
  30. Zhang, S., et al., Dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and risk of breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1999. 91(6): p. 547-56. [Abstract]
  31. Morelli, M., et al., Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Antioxidants, 2020. 9(12): 1227. [Abstract]
  32. Knekt, P., et al., Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts1-3. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 2005. 80: p. 1508-20. [Abstract]
  33. Myint, P., et al., Plasma vitamin C concentrations predict risk of incident stroke over 10 y in 20 649 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk prospective population study. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 2008. 87: p. 64-9. [Abstract]
  34. DePhillipo, N.N., et al., Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplementation on Collagen Synthesis and Oxidative Stress After Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med, 2018. 6(10): p. 2325967118804544. [Article]
  35. Sarpooshi, H., et al., Wound Healing with Vitamin C. Translational Biomedicine, 2017. 08(4): 139. [Abstract]
  36. Kim, Y., et al., Favorable effect of dietary vitamin C on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women (KNHANES IV, 2009): discrepancies regarding skeletal sites, age, and vitamin D status. Osteoporosis International, 2015. 26(9): 2329-37. [Abstract]
  37. Malmir, H., S. Shab-Bidar, and K. Djafarian, Vitamin C intake in relation to bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Br J Nutr, 2018. 119(8): p. 847-858. [Abstract]
  38. Cereda, E., et al., Disease-Specific, Versus Standard, Nutritional Support for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2009. 57: p. 1395-402. [Abstract]
  39. Carr, A.C. and C. McCall, The role of vitamin C in the treatment of pain: new insights. Journal of Translational Medicine, 2017. 15(1): p. 77. [Article]
  40. Shibuya, N., et al., Efficacy and Safety of High-dose Vitamin C on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Extremity Trauma and Surgery-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2013. 52(1): p. 62-66. [Abstract]
  41. Aim, F., et al., Efficacy of vitamin C in preventing complex regional pain syndrome after wrist fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2017. 103(3): p. 465-470. [Abstract]
  42. Jensen, N., Reduced pain from osteoarthritis in hip joint or knee joint during treatment with calcium ascorbate. A randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover-trial. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003. 165: p. 2563-6. [Abstract]
  43. Basu, T.K., et al., Ascorbic acid therapy for the relief of bone pain in Paget's disease. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol, 1978. 32(1-4): p. 45-9. [Abstract]
  44. Vural, H. and K. Uzun, Serum and Red Blood Cell Antioxidant Status in Patients with Bronchial Asthma. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2000. 7: p. 476-80. [Abstract]
  45. Leveque, N., et al., In vivo Assessment of Iron and Ascorbic Acid in Psoriatic Dermis. Acta Derm Venereol, 2004. 84: p. 2-5. [Abstract]
  46. Leveque, N., et al., High Iron and Low Ascorbic Acid Concentrations in the Dermis of Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Dermatology, 2003. 207: p. 261-4. [Abstract]
  47. Vollbracht, C., et al., Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of allergies: an interim subgroup analysis of a long-term observational study. The Journal of International Medical Research, 2018. 46(9): p. 3640-3655. [Article]
  48. Stone, K.D., C. Prussin, and D.D. Metcalfe, IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010. 125(2 Suppl 2): p. S73-S80. [Article]
  49. Johnston, C.S., L.J. Martin, and X. Cai, Antihistamine effect of supplemental ascorbic acid and neutrophil chemotaxis. J Am Coll Nutr, 1992. 11(2): p. 172-6. [Abstract]
  50. Fogarty, A., et al., Corticosteroid sparing effects of vitamin C and magnesium in asthma: A randomised trial. Respiratory Medicine, 2006. 100: p. 174-9. [Abstract]
  51. Mikirova, N.A., T.E. Ichim, and N.H. Riordan, Anti-angiogenic effect of high doses of ascorbic acid. Journal of Translational Medicine, 2008. 6(1): p. 50. [Abstract]
  52. Belin, S., et al., Antiproliferative effect of ascorbic acid is associated with the inhibition of genes necessary to cell cycle progression. PLoS One, 2009. 4(2): p. e4409. [Abstract]
  53. Traber, M.G. and J.F. Stevens, Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2011. 51(5): p. 1000-1013. [Abstract]
  54. Linus Pauling Institute. The Bioavailability of Different Forms of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid). 2016. [Website]
  55. Lee, J.-K., et al., Alleviation of ascorbic acid-induced gastric high acidity by calcium ascorbate in vitro and in vivo. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol, 2018. 22(1): p. 35-42. [Abstract]
  56. Mahmoud, A.M., et al., Beneficial Effects of Citrus Flavonoids on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019. 2019: p. 5484138. [Abstract]
  57. Ganeshpurkar, A. and A.K. Saluja, The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin. Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 2017. 25(2): p. 149-164. [Abstract]
  58. Selloum, L., et al., Anti-inflammatory effect of rutin on rat paw oedema, and on neutrophils chemotaxis and degranulation. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2003. 54: p. 313-8. [Abstract]
  59. Choi, J.K. and S.-H. Kim, Rutin suppresses atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2013. 238(4): p. 410-417. [Abstract]
  60. Bellavite, P. and A. Donzelli, Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits. Antioxidants, 2020. 9(8): p. 742. [Abstract]
  61. Bohm, V., Vitamin E. Antioxidants, 2018. 7(3): p. 44. [Article]
  62. Pekmezci, D., Vitamin E and immunity. Vitam Horm, 2011. 86: p. 179-215. [Abstract]
  63. Maggini, S., et al., Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses. Br J Nutr, 2007. 98 Suppl 1: p. S29-35. [Abstract]
  64. Pace, A., et al., Vitamin E neuroprotection for cisplatin neuropathy A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology, 2010. 74: p. 762-6. [Abstract]
  65. Teo, C.W.L., et al., Vitamin E in Atopic Dermatitis: From Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Dermatology, 2020. 1-12. [Abstract]
  66. Tsoureli-Nikita, E., J. Hercogova, and G. Menchini, Evaluation of dietary intake of vitamin E in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A study of the clinical course and evaluation of the immunoglobulin E serum levels. International Journal of Dermatology, 2002. 41: p. 146-50. [Abstract]
  67. Brody, T., Nutritional Biochemistry. 1999, San Diego: Academic Press.
  68. Maggini, S., et al., Vitamins C, D and Zinc: Synergistic Roles in Immune Function and Infections. Vitam Miner, 2017. 6(2): p. 167. [Article]
  69. National Health and Medical Research Council. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand including Recommended Dietary Intakes, 2006. [Website]
  70. Nishida K, Uchida R. Role of zinc signaling in the regulation of mast cell-, basophil-, and T cell-mediated allergic responses. Journal of immunology research, 2018. 2018. [Abstract]
  71. van der Horst-Graat, J.M., F.J. Kok, and E.G. Schouten, Plasma carotenoid concentrations in relation to acute respiratory infections in elderly people. Br J Nutr, 2004. 92(1): p. 113-8. [Abstract]
  72. Gropper, S.S., J.L. Smith, and T.P. Carr, Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 7th ed. 2018, Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
  73. Dehghani, M.R., et al., Effect of oral vitamin C on atrial fibrillation development after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: A prospective randomized clinical trial. Cardiology Journal, 2014. 21(5): 494-9. [Abstract]
  74. Hemilä, H. and E. Chalker, Vitamin C may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: A meta-regression analysis. Journal of Intensive Care, 2020. 8: p. 15. [Abstract]
  75. Sezikli, M., et al., Supplementing Vitamins C and E to standard triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 2012. 37(3): p. 282-285. [Abstract]
  76. Van Straten, M. and P. Josling, Preventing the Common Cold With a Vitamin C Supplement: A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Survey. Advances in Therapy, 2002. 19(3): 151-159. [Abstract]
  77. Hunt, C., et al., The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1994. 64(3): p. 212-9. [Abstract]
  78. Vorilhon, P., et al., Efficacy of vitamin C for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. A meta-analysis in children. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019. 75(3): 303-311. [Abstract]
  79. Lassi, Z.S., B.A. Haider, and Z.A. Bhutta, Zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 59 months. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016(12): p. CD005978. [Abstract]
  80. Kurugöl, Z., et al., The prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of zinc sulphate on common cold in children. Acta Paediatrica, 2006. 95(10): p. 1175-1181. [Abstract]
  81. Dewi, A.M. and D.I. Setyorini, The effect of zinc supplementation on the improvement of clinical symptoms and the quality of life of persistent moderate severe allergic rhinitis patients., in International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018: Putrajaya, Malaysia. [Abstract]
  82. Tsoureli-Nikita, E., et al., Evaluation of dietary intake of vitamin E in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a study of the clinical course and evaluation of the immunoglobulin E serum levels. International Journal of Dermatology, 2002. 41(3): p. 146-150. [Abstract]
  83. Meydani, S., et al., Vitamin E and Respiratory Tract Infections in Elderly Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, 2004. 292: p. 828-36. [Abstract]
  84. Somerville, V.S., A.J. Braakhuis, and W.G. Hopkins, Effect of Flavonoids on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Immune Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Advances In Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2016. 7(3): p. 488-497. [Abstract]
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