What are GLP-1 RAs?

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are medications designed to mimic and promote the effects of the appetite-regulating hormone GLP-1. These are prescribed to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.^1,2

What nutrients are GLP-1 RA users typically deficient in?

GLP-1 RA users are at risk of inadequate intake of the following nutrients:^3-5

• Fibre

• Protein

• Water

• Calcium

• Iron

• Magnesium

• Potassium

• Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), particularly vitamin D

• Vitamin B1

• Vitamin C

• Choline

Research suggests that the longer you use GLP-1 RAs, the more likely you are to develop nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, timely use of nutritional therapy can help to optimise nutritional status, mitigate loss of muscle mass and improve overall health in GLP-1 RA users.⁴

What vitamins and minerals are typically found in ‘multis’?

‘Multis’ contain a long list of nutrients that help to support energy production, assist in healthy blood cell production, support healthy immune system function, and support a healthy stress response, as well as maintaining general health and wellbeing. These nutrients commonly include an extensive range of vitamins and minerals; select amino acids, such as taurine; and other important nutrients, including alpha-lipoic acid, choline and inositol.

The number, dose and form of vitamins and minerals varies depending on brand and product. Some ‘multis’ contain additional ingredients, such as Rosa canina (Rosehip) dry fruit powder,⁶ bromelains⁷ and/or citrus bioflavonoids⁸ for added antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support.

Should GLP-1 RA users supplement with a multivitamin and mineral formula?

Yes, a multivitamin and mineral formula can help to fill nutritional gaps when dietary intake is inadequate. However, they should be viewed as early preventative support rather than corrective treatment, and there are three important considerations to bear in mind. First, not all common nutrient deficiencies observed in GLP-1 RA can be addressed with a once-a-day ‘multi’. A well-balanced wholefood diet should remain the primary source of nutrients. This includes consuming sufficient protein, a variety of richly coloured fruits and vegetables, adequate water intake, and sources of healthy fats. Protein powders and fibre supplements may also be recommended where dietary intake is insufficient.

Second, in cases of frank deficiency, doses higher than those provided in a standard multivitamin and mineral supplement are often required. Clinical assessment (e.g. blood tests) is typically necessary to evaluate and monitor nutritional status and to guide appropriate treatment.

Third, some vitamins and minerals interact with prescription medication, potentially altering drug efficacy or increasing risk of adverse effects. If you are a healthcare professional and unsure about checking and advising on potential interactions, please contact Clinical Support at clinicalsupport@integria.com.

References

1. Healthline. A guide to GLP-1 side effects: what to expect and how to manage them [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2026 [cited 2026 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/common-glp-1-side-effects

2. Healthline. A quick guide to GLP-1 medications: cost, effectiveness, and more [Internet]. San Francisco: Healthline; 2024 [cited 2026 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/weight-loss/glp1-for-weight-loss

3. Urbina J, Salinas-Ruiz LE, Valenciano C, Clapp B. Micronutrient and nutritional deficiencies associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy: a narrative review. Clin Obes. 2026 Feb;16(1):e70070. DOI: 10.1111/cob.70070

4. Scott Butsch W, Sulo S, Chang AT, Kim JA, Kerr KW, Williams DR, et al. Nutritional deficiencies and muscle loss in adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists: a retrospective observational study. Obes Pillars. 2025 Jun;15:100186. DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100186

5. Johnson B, Milstead M, Thomas O, McGlasson T, Green L, Kreider R, et al. Investigating nutrient intake during use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr. 2025 Apr;12:1566498. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1566498

6. Chrubasik C, Roufogalis BD, Müller-Ladner U, Chrubasik S. A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. Phytother Res. 2008 Jun;22(6):725-733. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2400

7. Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. Beneficial properties of bromelain. Nutrients. 2021 Nov;13(12):4313. DOI: 10.3390/nu13124313

8. Al-Khayri JM, Sahana GR, Nagella P, Joseph BV, Alessa FM, Al-Mssallem MQ. Flavonoids as potential anti-inflammatory molecules: a review. Molecules. 2022 May;27(9):2901. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092901